[전문]
International Human Rights Day is a chance to reflect on those core principles and values that nations once agreed on and that all cultures can embrace. On December 10, 1948, the United Nations unanimously adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a set of rights to which all individuals are entitled. Rights such as being free from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. Rights like the freedom of religion or belief. The freedoms of expression, association, and peaceful assembly. The right to form and join trade unions. Under the UDHR, every human being in the world can claim these rights as their own birthright, no matter their citizenship or allegiance. During the past seventy years, the people of the Republic of Korea have exercised these protected rights and freedoms, demonstrating the power of peaceful protests and the strength of their relatively young but vibrant democracy.
The word “universal” in the UDHR’s title was deliberate, showing that the UDHR was the product of consensus among a wide cross-section of global rights traditions. We know this, as the drafters represented diverse backgrounds and intellectual traditions. For example, Charles Malik was a Maronite Christian from Lebanon who fled the Nazis in the 1930s, while China’s Peng Chun Chang brought a strong Confucian influence on the drafting committee.
The UDHR was born of the tragedy of the Second World War, which showed that governments that had no regard for the rights of their citizens similarly had no reservations about immersing the world into a terrible conflict for their own twisted aims. Sadly, around the world, there are governments that violate the human rights and fundamental freedoms of their citizens set forth in the UDHR including some that had adopted the UDHR and committed themselves to defending those rights.
The Chinese government, for example, has forced more than one million Uighurs and members of other Muslim minority groups into internment camps in Xinjiang since April 2017, demolished numerous Christian churches, and has repressed the religion and culture of Tibet for decades. In Iran, the regime’s unelected Supreme Leader prioritizes encouraging regional chaos over improving the lives of the Iranian people, especially its women, who continue to suffer under severe discrimination and are sentenced to as many as 23 years in prison for not wearing a hijab in public. In Russia, scores of political prisoners have been detained for exercising their freedom of religion or belief. The government increasingly has restricted freedom of expression and Internet freedom, and civil society and the independent press face constant harassment, character smears, threats, and violence.
Meanwhile, South Korea emerged from the crucible of war and forged a nation built upon economic development, which included a flourishing of respect for the hard-fought rights and freedoms of its citizens. This symbiotic evolution is not coincidental; the Republic of Korea is an example for the world. We congratulate the Republic of Korea on its recent election to the Human Rights Council for the 2020-22 term.
The UDHR’s diverse group of drafters found a common purpose in the universal rights they outlined. They understood that the nations of the world had a duty to one another: to stand up for human dignity and protect the human rights to which every person is entitled. It is not only governments that have this duty. Governments are, after all, composed of individuals. Every person has a role to play in protecting and standing up for human rights -- a set of universal rights founded on the primacy of individual human dignity. The United States and its people remain committed to human rights. We are on the front lines every day, advocating for every person around the globe to enjoy their rights and freedoms. These freedoms are the shared birthright of all persons, as declared by the community of nations on December 10, 1948.
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